Let's Talk Fraud and Scams home

With Funding From

Government of Canada

Section 2

Where They Reach Us

Scammers don't show up just one way. They use every available channel to reach potential victims — and they're quick to adapt as technology and habits change. Understanding the specific risks of each channel, and knowing what to watch for, helps you stay alert in the moments that matter most.

This section walks through the main ways scammers make contact. For each one, you'll find the key risk to know about, what tends to increase exposure, and practical steps to reduce it. Tap each channel to open it.

📞 Phone


Phone calls remain one of the most common and effective ways scammers reach seniors. Many of us were raised to answer the phone, be polite, and take callers seriously — habits that scammers are very good at exploiting. One of the most important things to understand is caller ID spoofing: scammers can make any number appear on your call display — including your bank, the CRA, or your local police. The name and number you see do not tell you who is actually calling.

Why it's a risk

  • Caller ID can be faked to show any name or number
  • Voice and tone create a sense of authenticity that text cannot
  • Pressure tactics work especially well in real-time conversation
  • AI voice-cloning can now impersonate people you know

How to reduce exposure

  • Let unknown numbers go to voicemail — legitimate callers will leave one
  • Never give personal information to someone who calls you
  • If a caller claims to be from a trusted organization, hang up and call back using the official number
  • Consider a call-blocking app (Nomorobo or Robokiller are available in Canada)
Remember

No matter what the caller ID says, you are under no obligation to stay on the line. If something feels off, it is completely appropriate to say, "I'll call you back at your official number," and hang up.

✉️ Email


Phishing emails are messages designed to look exactly like legitimate communications from banks, government agencies, or companies you do business with. The goal is usually to get you to click a link that leads to a fake website built to steal your login, personal information, or payment details. Many now include correct logos, professional formatting, and even your name or partial account information to seem more credible.

Why it's a risk

  • Emails can be made to look identical to real company communications
  • Links can lead to fake websites that steal your information
  • Sender addresses can be spoofed to look legitimate at a glance
  • Urgency ("Your account will be closed") discourages verification

How to reduce exposure

  • Never click links in emails — go directly to the website by typing the address yourself
  • Check the full sender email address carefully (not just the display name)
  • Be cautious of emails asking you to "verify," "update," or "confirm" account information
  • When in doubt, call the organization using a number from their official website
Remember

Your bank and the CRA will never ask you to click a link to verify personal or financial information. If you receive an unexpected email asking you to act on your account, go to the website directly — do not use the link provided.

💬 Text / SMS


"Smishing" — phishing by text message — is one of the fastest-growing scam channels in Canada. Texts are shorter and feel less formal than emails, which can make suspicious messages easier to miss. They may appear to come from your bank, Canada Post, the CRA, or a benefits program — and they land in the same place as messages from family and friends, which can lower your guard.

Why it's a risk

  • Texts arrive in the same inbox as trusted personal messages
  • Short format makes it harder to spot inconsistencies
  • Links in texts often go to convincing fake websites
  • Phone numbers can be spoofed just like caller ID

How to reduce exposure

  • Treat unexpected texts about accounts, packages, or government matters with the same caution as emails
  • Never click a link in a text — go directly to the official website instead
  • If a text claims to be from your bank, call the number on the back of your card
  • Report suspicious texts to your carrier by forwarding to 7726 (SPAM)
Remember

A legitimate text from your bank about a real fraud alert will typically ask only for a yes or no response, with no link required. If a text includes a link and creates urgency, that combination is a significant red flag.

🛒 Online Shopping


Online shopping has become part of daily life, and with it, scams designed to take advantage of our familiarity with the process: fake retail websites that look like real stores, fraudulent marketplace listings, and sellers who take payment but never deliver. Seniors newer to online shopping may be less familiar with what legitimate sites look like — making this a channel that deserves extra attention.

Why it's a risk

  • Fake websites can look nearly identical to real retailers
  • Marketplace platforms allow unverified listings
  • Deals that seem too good to be true often are
  • Online payment methods vary widely in fraud protection

How to reduce exposure

  • Stick to well-known retailers or verify an unfamiliar site before purchasing
  • Look for "https" and a padlock icon in your browser's address bar
  • For marketplace purchases, always see the item in person before paying
  • Use a credit card — it offers stronger fraud protection than debit
Remember

When buying from an individual seller — on Facebook Marketplace, Kijiji, or similar — never send payment before you have seen and received the item. E-transfer payments to strangers are very difficult to recover.

👥 Social Media


Platforms like Facebook and Instagram have become a significant entry point for scammers targeting seniors — used to gather information, make initial contact, and build the kind of trust that makes requests feel reasonable. One often-overlooked risk: scammers search social media for details before making contact. They may already know your grandchild's name, where you live, and recent events in your life when they call — which makes their story much more convincing.

Why it's a risk

  • Public profiles share details scammers use to appear credible
  • Fake and hacked accounts reach you through trusted connections
  • Romance, lottery, and investment schemes are common on social platforms
  • Ads can promote fraudulent products or investment opportunities

How to reduce exposure

  • Set your profiles to private — limit who can see your posts and details
  • Be cautious about accepting friend requests from people you haven't met
  • Be skeptical of investment tips, prize notifications, or urgent requests
  • If a friend's account sends an unusual message, call them directly to verify
Remember

Birthdays, family names, travel plans, and life events are valuable to scammers. What seems like harmless sharing can become the raw material for a very convincing scam.

🚪 Door-to-Door


Unexpected visitors offering home repairs, energy audits, or charity collections are a persistent fraud risk. These encounters feel more personal and harder to dismiss than a phone call — especially when someone is at your door. A common pattern is the contractor who "just happened to be in the neighbourhood" and noticed a problem with your roof or furnace, then creates urgency and pressures you to pay cash before they leave.

Why it's a risk

  • Physical presence creates social pressure to engage and be polite
  • Fraudulent contractors often demand cash payment on the spot
  • Home repair fraud targets people at a moment of real concern
  • High-pressure tactics ("only today") prevent careful consideration

How to reduce exposure

  • You are never obligated to open the door or decide on the spot
  • Ask for a business card, company name, and licence number
  • Get multiple written quotes before agreeing to any work
  • Call a trusted person before signing anything or making any payment
Remember

Legitimate businesses do not show up unannounced, create urgent problems, and demand cash the same day. Take their card, tell them you'll be in touch after you've done some research. A real professional will respect that.

📊 Investment Seminars


Fraudulent investment seminars often look remarkably legitimate — professional venues, polished presenters, a free meal or gift. The goal is to create excitement and urgency around an opportunity, ideally having you commit before the event is over. They exploit the fear of missing out: when others in the room seem eager and the presenter appears successful, it's hard to slow down and think critically.

Why it's a risk

  • Professional settings create a false sense of legitimacy
  • Group settings amplify social pressure — "if others are investing, it must be real"
  • High-pressure tactics push you to decide before you can verify
  • Fake platforms and returns can be used to "prove" success

How to reduce exposure

  • Never make a financial commitment the same day you first hear about an investment
  • Bring a trusted friend or family member to any presentation
  • Check the advisor and product with your provincial securities regulator first
  • Be skeptical of any investment promising high returns with little or no risk
Remember

Any legitimate investment opportunity will still be available tomorrow. If someone tells you that you must decide now or lose the opportunity forever, that urgency is the scam — not the investment.

📬 Mail


Despite the rise of digital fraud, fraudulent mail remains a significant channel. Prize notifications, fake cheques, and official-looking government notices arrive in mailboxes every day. Mail often feels more legitimate than a suspicious email, because we associate physical mail with formal communication — and scammers take full advantage of this assumption.

Why it's a risk

  • Printed letters feel more official and trustworthy than digital messages
  • Fake cheques look authentic and may temporarily clear at your bank
  • Lottery and prize notifications by mail still reach many seniors
  • Official-looking letterheads and seals can be replicated

How to reduce exposure

  • Remember: if you didn't enter, you can't win
  • Any prize that requires a payment to claim is always a scam — no exceptions
  • If you receive an unexpected cheque, talk to your bank before doing anything with it
  • Real government mail will not ask you to call a specific number to make a payment
Remember

A cheque you did not expect is not money until it fully clears — and that can take weeks. If someone sends you a cheque and then asks you to send part of the money back or to a third party, that is a classic overpayment scam.

Putting it all together

Scammers will use whatever channel you trust most. The channel itself is not the warning sign — it is the message behind it, and the feelings it creates, that tell you something may be off. No matter how a suspicious contact arrives, the response is the same: slow down, don't act in the moment, and verify independently before doing anything.

Your simple, universal rule

If any communication — from any channel — creates urgency, asks for money, or requests personal information, pause. Reach out to someone you trust. Verify the contact through a source you find yourself. That single habit is your strongest protection across every channel.

Let's Talk Fraud and Scams home

With Funding From

Government of Canada